Notes

1. Ioannis Anastasiadis, "Pascal's Adder (Pascaline)," http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~greg/calculators/pascal/Pascaline_Frames.htm (Heriot-Watt University, accessed 2004 Sep 17).

2. Michael R. Williams, "Early Calculations," Chap. 1 in Computing Before Computers (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1990). Also available online at http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/DocumentArchive/Documents/Books/Computing Before Computers/CBC-Ch-02.pdf (Computer History Museum, accessed 2003 Mar 19).