Serial processing

Interactive processing
    - Real time
    - Timesharing

1964 Apr - IBM announces System 360 (2,144)
-emulation: build control unit as a small stored program computer [Wilkes] (2,148)
-general purpose controller
-microcode implemented in memory like circuits
-common instructions across 360 family
-each 360 model to optimize microcode for its own purposes
-emulate older machines, 1401,  7090

1965-1970 IBM gross income and also net earning double (2,145)

1969 Jan - Anti-trust action filed against IBM by DoJ.

1970 Jun - IBM announces System 370 (1,148)
-upgraded performance
-IC's
-semiconductor memory
-virtual memory

1970 - GE sells computer business to Honeywell (2, ~163)

1971 - RCA exits with big losses (2, ~163) 
-DEC buys RCA's new manufacturing plant in Marlboro, MA

1971 - IBM offers a time sharing option (TS0) for System 370 machines
-floppy disk invented by David L. Noble at IBM for storing initial control program for 370 (2,232)
-But...Floppy Disk invented in 1950 at the Imperial University in Tokyo by Doctor Yoshiro Nakamats
-the sales license for the disk was granted to IBM [Stephen White]
- provides stable and robust time sharing by mid 70's

We have IBM plus
-Burroughts, Univac, NCR, CDC and Honeywell
-these others continue until PC's

Plug-compatible manufacturers
1970 - Gene Amdahl founds Amdahl Corp. (2, 164)
1975 - Amdahl 470 V/6 goes against top end 360's running IBM software

Super computers (not in IBM line)

1972 - Seymour Cray founds Cray Research (spin off of CDC) (2. 162)
-1976 Cray-1

mid 1970's - 35,000 IBM computers and others (2, 145)

1. Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray. Computer: A History of the Information Machine (Basic Books, 1996).

2. Paul E. Ceruzzi. A History of Modern Computing (MIT Press, 2000).