Arithmetic.

Arithmetician (1889). "One skilled in arithmetic, or versed in the science of numbers." (2, p. 74)

Algorithm. Knuth describes the evolvution of "algorithm" from the older "algorism", which he describes as "doing arithmethic with Arabic numerals." (1, pp. 1-2) See also Al-Khwarizmi.

Computer (1889) "One who computes; a reckoner; a calculator." (2, p. 265) (3)

Counting. (4)

Logic.

Mathematics (5)

Numbers (6)

And more ...

Notes

1. Donald E. Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 1, Fundamental Algorithms (Addison-Wesley, 1968).

2. Noah Webster. American Dictionary of the English Language (Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam & Co., 1889)

3. Mario Aloisio, "The Calculation of Easter Day, and the Origin and Use of the Word Computer" in IEEE Annals of the History of Computing vol. 13, no. 3 (IEEE Computer Society, 2004 Jul-Sep), 42-49. Also available online at http://www.dgatx.com/computing/people/Mario-Aloisio/pubs/2004/Computer/promo1.pdf (accessed 2004 Sep 5).

4. Denise Schmandt-Besserat, The History of Counting (Harper Collins, 1999 Aug 25).

5. John J. O'Conner and Edmund F. Robertson, "The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive," http://turnbull.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/ (School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, accessed 2004 Aug 25).

6. John J. O'Conner and Edmund F. Robertson, "History Topics: Numbers and Number Theory Index," http://turnbull.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Indexes/Number_Theory.html (School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, accessed 2004 Sep 5).